A company called 'Claim Solutions Ltd' wants an 'escrow processing fee' – is this a recovery scam?
Hi everyone, I'm really at my wit's end here. Back in November, I lost about £4,500 to a fake crypto investment platform. It was devastating, I know I should have been more careful. I reported it to my bank and the FCA, but haven't heard much back. Yesterday, I got an email from a company called 'Claim Solutions Ltd'. They said they found my case through a 'public database' and that they can recover my funds. They've been quite professional so far, sent me some documents, and even showed me a screenshot of what looks like my lost funds in an 'escrow' account. But now they're asking for a £350 'escrow processing fee' to release the money. They say it's fully refundable once the funds are transferred. Is this legit? Or am I about to be scammed again? I'm so paranoid now, I just want my money back.
38 Answers
Rachel, I'm sorry to hear about your initial loss. It's a common tactic for scammers to target previous victims, as they know you're desperate to recover funds. Regarding 'Claim Solutions Ltd' and their 'escrow processing fee,' this is a classic red flag for a recovery scam. Legitimate recovery firms, especially those dealing with complex international fraud, do not typically ask for upfront fees to 'release' funds from an escrow account, particularly not refundable ones. True escrow services are usually established between actual transacting parties, not third-party recovery firms. The screenshot they showed you is almost certainly fabricated. Scammers often use convincing but fake documentation to build trust. What you should always remember is that genuine legal or financial recovery processes typically involve a retainer fee for their services, but this is clearly stipulated for work *to be done*, not for 'releasing' money that's supposedly already recovered. You should not pay this fee. Report them to the FCA and consider reaching out to Action Fraud in the UK. Also, check out resources from organizations like the FTC or ASIC – they consistently warn against advance fee scams.
Oh Rachel, I'm so, so sorry this is happening to you again. That feeling of desperation when you've already lost money, it's just awful, isn't it? Please, please don't pay them anything. It sounds exactly like what happened to a friend of mine. They lost quite a bit, and then another company came along offering to 'help' but needed an upfront 'admin fee'. She almost paid it but thankfully talked to her bank first. Every single official body, like the FCA here in the UK, pretty much tells you that if someone asks for money upfront to get your stolen funds back, it's almost certainly a scam. You're right to be paranoid, your gut feeling is usually right with these things. Stay strong and don't let them trick you again.
Escrow processing fee? Sounds fishy to me. Anytime someone asks for money to 'release' your own money, that's a huge NO. Especially after you've already been scammed. They target you because they know you're vulnerable. I mean, if they really had your money, why wouldn't they just deduct their fee from it? Why the extra step? My advice, block them and don't engage. It's probably just another layer of the initial scam, or a new scammer who got your details from somewhere bad.
Been there, felt that. It's soul-crushing when you realize you might be falling for another trick after an initial loss. Years ago, after I got hit by a forex scam, I was contacted by like, five different 'recovery' companies. Every single one eventually asked for some kind of upfront fee – 'transfer fees', 'tax fees', 'release fees'. The 'escrow processing fee' they're asking for, Rachel, is just another flavor of the same old scam. They play on your hope. I almost fell for one that showed me a 'bank statement' with my funds. My partner stopped me from transferring money. Luckily, I didn't pay any of them. The truth is, if they really had your money, they wouldn't need *yours* to give it *back* to you. Stay safe.
This is a classic recovery scam pattern, Rachel, please do not pay them a penny. The 'public database' story, the professional-looking documents, the screenshot of funds in 'escrow' – these are all standard ploys used to gain your trust and legitimacy. The moment a recovery company asks for an upfront fee, especially to 'release' funds they claim to have already recovered or 'processed', it's a massive red flag. Think about it logically: if they genuinely had your money, why wouldn't they just deduct their fee from the recovered amount? They're banking on your desperation. This is how they scam you twice. You need to cut off all communication with 'Claim Solutions Ltd' immediately. Report their activities to Action Fraud here in the UK. Don't believe any threats or additional promises they might make if you refuse to pay.
Rachel, I understand your dilemma completely, and it's a tough spot to be in when you're hoping for a lifeline. However, the scenario you're describing with 'Claim Solutions Ltd' asking for an 'escrow processing fee' is textbook recovery scam behavior. My work in financial fraud prevention has shown me countless variations of this. Reputable agencies, including legal firms, might charge an upfront retainer for *work to be performed*, often hourly, but they will never ask for a fee to 'release' funds that are already supposedly recovered and sitting in an escrow account. The existence of the FCA and similar regulators like the CFTC or ASIC is to protect consumers, and none of them would endorse such a practice. Always verify. If contacted by any recovery firm, check if they are regulated in your jurisdiction (e.g., by the FCA in the UK) and search for independent reviews on platforms like the BBB or Companies House. Do not rely on information provided by the firm itself. In this instance, do not pay them.
Nono, Rachel, don't do it. This sounds exactly like what happened to my friend's cousin in Singapore. They got scammed by a crypto platform, then a 'recovery agent' called 'Funds Recovery Group' contacted them. Same thing – showing screenshots, talking about 'release fees' or 'tax payments'. Always an upfront fee to get your own money back. It's a second scam. They're just trying to milk you again because they know you're vulnerable. Just cut ties with them. You won't see that £350 again either if you pay it.
Ugh, this makes my blood boil. They're preying on your vulnerability, Rachel. This 'escrow processing fee' is 100% a scam. Think of it this way: if they truly have your money in an escrow account, they don't need *your* money to unlock it. They'd either deduct their fee from the recovered amount or, if they're a legit firm, they'd charge you a retainer for their services BEFORE any recovery, not for unblocking something. They use these fancy terms like 'escrow' to sound official. Please just ignore them and block their emails and numbers. It's tough, I know, after losing money, but don't fall for it again.
Rachel, your instinct is correct – this is a strong indicator of a recovery scam. The 'escrow processing fee' is a common advance-fee fraud tactic. I've seen countless cases reported to ASIC where individuals in Australia have been hit twice by these types of scams. Here’s why it’s a red flag:
- Unsolicited Contact: Legitimate recovery firms rarely contact you out of the blue, claiming to have found your case. Scammers often buy lists of previous scam victims.
- Upfront Fees for 'Release': A genuine firm will charge for their investigative or legal services, usually a retainer based on work to be done, not a fee to 'release' funds that are supposedly already recovered.
- Pressure Tactics/Imminent Release: They often imply the funds are ready, just needing this one final payment. This creates urgency and limits your time to think or verify.
- Fake Documentation: Screenshots of 'escrow accounts' or 'funds held' are easily fabricated. Modern scam operations are highly sophisticated in creating convincing but fake evidence.
My strong recommendation is to cease all communication with 'Claim Solutions Ltd'. Do *not* pay the fee. Instead, report them to Action Fraud in the UK directly. You might also want to consult with a truly legitimate firm like Nethertrace, they specialize in digital asset investigations and usually operate transparently with clear service agreements, not upfront 'release fees.'
Ugh, Rachel, I feel you. This is exactly how they get you a second time. My cousin lost a huge amount to a 'trading platform' then some bunch called 'MoneyBack Hero' contacted him, saying they'd found his money. They kept asking for small fees here and there – 'admin fee', 'tax clearance', 'bank transfer fee'... he ended up paying over €1000 in 'fees' before he realised it was all a lie. They just disappear after you pay. That 'escrow processing fee' is just another name for the next charge they'll hit you with. Please, don't send them anything. It's a brutal lesson, and I'm so sorry you're going through it.
Oh mate, I wish I could say this was a surprise, but it's basically textbook. 'Claim Solutions Ltd' sounds way too much like a setup. They play on your desperation. Showing you your money in 'escrow' is a classic move. Those screenshots are easily faked. They get you to pay the 'fee,' and then guess what? The money evaporates, and so do they.
Listen, I fell for something similar after losing money to a Forex scam last year. They promised to get it back and asked for an 'admin fee.' Paid it. Poof. Gone. The FCA is swamped, I get it. But any *legit* recovery outfit doesn't ask for money upfront like that. They take a cut *after* they successfully recover funds, and even then, it's usually a percentage of the recovered amount, not a flat fee for 'processing.'
Seriously, block them. Don't send another penny. If you want to report them (and you should!), try the FCA again, but also make a complaint to Action Fraud in the UK. They might not get your money back, but the data helps them track these gangs.
God, this makes my stomach turn. I know exactly how you feel. That sickening mix of hope and dread. I lost £3k to a boiler room scam years ago, and then, when I was at my lowest, some outfit told me they could get it back. They wanted an upfront 'legal fee.' Sound familiar? Yeah, it was another kick in the teeth.
These people are predators, feasting on people who've already been victimised. That 'escrow processing fee' is their main meal ticket. They create a false sense of security - 'almost there!' - and then they drain what little you have left.
Don't send them anything else. Honestly, your best bet is just cutting your losses on trying to recover *through them* and focusing on moving forward. It's a hard lesson, but you learn to spot the signs. That FCA report is good, keep on them. And if you can, look into reporting it to the Metropolitan Police's cyber crime unit. They might not recover it, but it adds to the file.
This is a very common recovery scam. You are not alone in falling prey to it. These entities, like 'Claim Solutions Ltd,' operate by targeting individuals who have already lost funds. They create a fabricated scenario where they appear to have recovered your money, often through misleading 'escrow' accounts or similar ruses. The sole purpose of the upfront 'processing fee' is to extract more money from you before they disappear.
Legitimate recovery firms, which are themselves rare and highly regulated, typically operate on a success fee basis. They take a percentage of the *actual recovered funds*, not an advance payment for 'services.' The fact that they are asking for an upfront fee, especially for processing, is the biggest red flag imaginable. Report this to the FCA immediately. Also, consider filing a complaint with the FTC in the United States, as many of these operations have international links and the FTC maintains extensive databases on such fraudulent entities.
Hold on a second. 'Claim Solutions Ltd'? Sounds like every other scam outfit I've seen popping up. They feed on the hope of people like us who've already been fleeced. Showing you a screenshot of your money in escrow? My friend, that's digital smoke and mirrors. It's cheaper than ever to fake something like that. And the 'processing fee'? That's the hook. They reel you in, get that payment, and then vanish into thin air.
Don't pay them. Seriously. I lost a good chunk to one of these bad actors a while back. They wanted an 'international transfer fee.' Idiot me, I paid it. Never saw a cent. You already reported it to the FCA, which is good. Keep that report active. You could also try reporting them to the European Crime Agency (Europol) if you suspect they are operating across borders. Every bit of information helps build a picture.
Oh love, I know that feeling. That horrible gut-punch feeling when you think you might get it back, only to be asked for more money. It's a nightmare. I was in a similar boat after a dodgy online shop took my money for a holiday that never existed. Then this 'recovery specialist' contacted me. Wanted an 'international bank transfer fee' upfront. I nearly fell for it too, but my sister talked me out of it at the last minute. She said, 'If they have your money, why do *you* need to pay to get it?'!
That £350 is probably just another scam. Think about it – if they *really* had your funds secured, the sender or the platform would be the ones dealing with release fees, not you paying a third party for 'processing.' You did the right thing reporting to the FCA. Don't let them get another pound out of you. Cut your losses with them and maybe look into the UK's Financial Ombudsman Service if your bank handled your original transaction poorly. They might not get the crypto back, but they can look into bank errors.
This is a classic recovery scam, unfortunately. They prey on victims' desperation. The 'escrow processing fee' is pure fiction – a way to get more money from you. They create a fake narrative of recovery to extract funds. I've seen this exact scenario play out numerous times online. They'll promise the moon, show you fake proof, and then ask for an upfront payment.
If they were legitimate, they would take their fee as a percentage *after* successful recovery, and it would be deducted from the funds they retrieve for you. Never pay upfront fees to recovery services. It's a huge red flag. You did good reporting to the FCA, but you should also report this new company to them and perhaps the BBB (Better Business Bureau) if they have any listings there, even if it's just to warn others. The FTC in the US also tracks these outfits.
Ugh, don't you just hate being put in this position? It's awful. I'm so sorry you're going through this again. These companies are scum. They see your original loss as an opportunity to inflict more pain. That screenshot? It's likely doctored. And the fee? It's just another way to steal from you.
I think you know deep down this isn't right. The fact that they're asking for money *before* you see anything tangible is the biggest clue. Legitimate recovery services don't work that way. They might take a percentage *after* they've successfully recovered your funds, and even then, it's often a tough sell because recovering scam losses is notoriously difficult.
Keep all communication with them documented, but do not send any more money. You've already done the right thing by reporting to the FCA. Consider sending any correspondence you have with 'Claim Solutions Ltd' to them as well. Every little bit helps build their case against these fraudsters.
This is a textbook recovery scam. I've seen many similar tales on forums. They find victims, dangle the bait of recovered funds, and then demand an upfront 'fee.' The 'escrow' is fake; the fee is real theft. Don't pay it. My neighbour fell for this exact thing after a romance scam, paying a 'release fee.' They never saw a penny again, and the scammers vanished. It’s heartbreaking.
Think about it logically: if your money was genuinely ready to be released from escrow, the *escrow company* or the *original platform* would handle the transfer fees, not some third-party 'claims' company demanding cash from you first. It's a scammer's favourite trick to play on people’s desperation. You reported to the FCA, which is excellent. Keep that dialogue going, and mention this new company. Also, consider reporting them to Action Fraud in the UK.
I'm sorry you're dealing with this. It sounds incredibly stressful. Based on my experience in cybersecurity and fraud investigations, this 'Claim Solutions Ltd' scenario is a common recovery scam. Professional recovery services, if legitimate, usually operate on a contingency basis – they take a percentage *after* funds are successfully recovered. Demanding an upfront 'processing fee' is a massive red flag.
These scammers often create highly convincing fake dashboards or screenshots to show you that your money is 'safe' or 'ready.' They play on your emotional vulnerability after a loss. I would strongly advise against sending them any further money. Your initial report to the FCA is crucial. For additional reporting, consider the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) if it relates to unfair trading practices, or even the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) if you suspect sophisticated phishing or hacking involved in the original scam.
Watch out for this. These recovery scams are everywhere. They find your details from previous scam reports or databases and offer a 'solution.' That 'escrow processing fee' is their way of getting more money from you. They will take it and disappear. I've seen it happen many times. They make it sound official, send documents, but it's all fake.
My cousin lost money to a fake investment platform too. Then he got the same kind of email. They asked for an 'admin fee.' He paid it. Worst mistake ever. The company went silent. He reported it to the police but honestly, the money was gone. He found out later that some legitimate recovery firms *do* exist, but they never ask for money upfront. Ever. They'll take a cut from what they recover. If this company insists on payment *before* returning your funds, it's a scam. Please don't send them anything.
Mate, run a mile. I fell for this exact same trap after I lost cash to a fake trading platform last year. They contacted me saying they could recover my funds. They showed me simulated bank statements and everything. Then they asked for an 'advance fee' to cover 'legal costs.' I told them where to shove it. They got aggressive, but I held firm. They were absolutely a scam.
These recovery scammers are the lowest of the low. They find people who've already been hurt and try to hurt them more. That 'escrow processing fee' is pure fantasy. They don't have your money. They never did. They just want another slice of whatever you've got left.
You did right by reporting to the FCA. Keep that report going. Also, consider filing a complaint with Interpol if you suspect the scammers are operating internationally. They maintain a database of stolen financial information.
Oh no, another one trying to get you. That 'Claim Solutions Ltd' sounds like a lot of the other fake recovery outfits. They find people who've lost money and promise the world. That screenshot of your funds in escrow? Probably photoshopped or from a demo account. And that fee? That’s the actual scam. They want to take your money before you even realise it’s gone for good.
I know the temptation is huge to believe you're getting it back, but if it sounds too good to be true, it usually is. A genuine recovery service wouldn't ask you to pay upfront. They'd take a percentage of what they recover. Tell them you'll pay them once the funds are in your account, and see how quickly they disappear. You did the right thing reporting to the FCA. That's the most useful step you can take.
This is so familiar it hurts. The 'recovery specialist' scam. They promise to get your stolen money back, but all they want is more money from you. 'Claim Solutions Ltd' is almost certainly one of these operations. That 'escrow processing fee' is their main trick. They'll take that £350 and then invent more problems or just vanish. It’s a hard lesson, but please don't pay them.
My dad lost a significant amount to a phone scam, and immediately afterwards, he got calls from 'recovery agents.' One even showed him a fake court order. Thankfully, we figured it out before he handed over any more cash. Reporting to the FCA is good. You might also want to make a report to Action Fraud in the UK – they collate information on these types of scams specifically.
I have been here. Lost £2000 to a fake phishing website last year. Then got an email from a similar company – 'Global Asset Recovery'. They asked for a 'verification fee' upfront. Thank goodness I didn't pay it. My bank advised me against it, and I later found out they were scammers too. It’s a horrible cycle. They find you when you’re vulnerable.
That £350 fee is a scam. Pure and simple. If they had your funds, they wouldn’t need you to pay them to release it. They’d deduct their fees from the recovered amount. It's a common tactic. I reported the 'Global Asset Recovery' people to the FCA and Action Fraud. Keep pushing with your original report to the FCA too. That's your best bet for any official action.
This is precisely how these recovery scams work. You're not alone, and it's completely understandable why you'd hope this was real. They create urgency and a sense of impending success with these fabricated 'escrow' accounts. The fee is the bait to get you to pay again. Don't do it.
Legitimate recovery is rare and incredibly difficult, especially with crypto. If a company claims they can easily recover funds and asks for money upfront, walk away. It’s the most solid advice I can give. Your report to the FCA was absolutely the right first step. For future reference, if you want to verify if a company is legitimate or a known scam, sites like Nethertrace.co can sometimes offer insights or warnings about recovery scam operations.
Oh goodness, that sounds exactly like a scam I almost fell for! I lost money to a fake online investment too, and a firm claiming to be 'Recovery Specialists' contacted me. They showed me the same kind of 'proof' and then asked for a 'documentation fee.' It was around £200. I was so close to paying, but something felt off. I decided to research them online and found loads of warnings. They were fake.
These people are vultures. They profit from your misery. That £350 is not a fee; it's the prize they're hoping to win from you. Please, please don't pay it. You already reported to the FCA, which is the most important thing. Keep any emails or communications you have with this 'Claim Solutions Ltd' - they might be useful for the FCA's investigation.
This situation is unfortunately very common. The 'Claim Solutions Ltd' you are dealing with is almost certainly a recovery scam. They operate by identifying victims of financial fraud and then promising to recover the lost funds for an upfront fee. The 'escrow processing fee' is a fabrication designed to extract more money from you. There is no legitimate escrow account holding your funds that requires you to pay a third party to release it.
Legitimate recovery services, like those that might be approved by ASIC in Australia for instance, would typically operate on a success-fee basis, meaning they only get paid if they actually recover your money, and they would take a percentage of the recovered amount. Do not send them any money. Continue to work with your bank and the FCA. You might also consider reporting the company to Action Fraud UK.
It's a scam, 100%. I lost money last year to a fake shopping site, and then I got emails from companies promising to recover it. They always want money upfront. 'Claim Solutions Ltd' is just another one. That 'escrow processing fee' is their hook. They will take your money and disappear. No legitimate company does this. They would take a cut from the money they recover for you, not charge you beforehand.
I know it’s hard when you want your money back so badly, but resist the urge. You’ve done the right thing reporting to the FCA. Keep all the emails and any other communication you have from them. That's evidence. Maybe one day these scammers will get caught.
This is a recovery scam. Plain and simple. They look for people who've already lost money and try to scam them again. That 'Claim Solutions Ltd' is not legitimate. The 'escrow processing fee' is their trick to get more money out of you. They'll take the £350 and you'll never hear from them again. Trust me, I’ve seen this happen to friends.
They invent fake accounts, fake proof, everything. It’s all to get you to pay again. You reported it to the FCA, which is good. Don’t send them any money. Your best bet now is to ignore them completely and focus on the FCA report. Maybe look into the Citizens Advice Bureau for general advice on dealing with fraud too.
This smells very much like a recovery scam. The FCA is the correct place to report, but they generally don't facilitate direct fund recovery for individuals after a fraud. Companies claiming to have found your case via a 'public database' are often making it up or using information from other victims of the same scam to reel you in. The 'escrow processing fee' is the classic move. They want a small amount from you upfront before vanishing. Never pay fees to get your own money back, especially when the scammers are *also* claiming to be an escrow service. If your lost funds were truly 'in escrow,' the platform itself or a legitimate financial institution would handle the release, not a separate 'processing fee' company.
Oh god, I know that feeling of dread. I fell for something similar a year ago. Lost about £2k. Someone contacted me saying they could recover it, claimed to be a specialist outfit. They too asked for a 'retrieval fee' upfront. *Never*. It's just them trying to get a bit more. I didn't pay it, thankfully. My advice? If it feels off, it is. Stay away from Claim Solutions Ltd. These people prey on our desperation, it's awful. I ended up reporting them to the FCA too, but honestly, the loss is still there. What helps a little is talking about it, like you're doing here.
Seriously? 'Claim Solutions Ltd'? Sounds a bit generic, doesn't it? And 'public database'? What, like a list of mugs who've already been scammed? The whole escrow thing when they're asking for a fee upfront? It's textbook. These guys are sharks. Don't throw good money after bad. The FCA is one thing, but if they're asking you to pay *them* to get money *back*, it's usually just another layer of theft. I'd be very, very careful here. Did they provide any credentials, like registration numbers, that you could check independently with the FCA?
I agree with the others. This setup is highly suspicious. The term 'escrow processing fee' is a major red flag. Legitimate recovery services, if they even exist and are effective (which is rare for crypto scams), typically work on a *contingency* basis – meaning they only get paid a percentage *after* you've actually received your funds. They wouldn't ask for an upfront fee, especially one labeled as 'processing.' Your initial report to the FCA is the right step. For further action, consider filing a complaint with the FTC in the US if the company has any US presence, or even filing a report on the BBB website. These are official channels, not private companies promising easy money.
Mate, this is exactly what happened to me. Lost $6k to some forex scam last year, then these 'recovery specialists' popped up. They showed me proof, said they had the money held, just needed a 'legal processing fee'. Sounded reasonable at the time for them to cut through the red tape, right? Wrong. Paid $500. Then they asked for another $1,000 for 'transfer taxes'. Total gaslight. Next thing you know, they're gone, phone numbers dead, emails bounced. It's a scam building on a scam. You've got to be so careful. If you want to track them down, and I wish I'd done this earlier, you might need to engage a reputable investigator yourself. Some places like Nethertrace might help, but you're likely looking at significant costs and no guarantee. Be vigilant.
DO NOT PAY THEM. This is a classic double-scam. They found you because the original fraudsters often sell victim data, or these people track reports filed with authorities. The 'escrow' account is fake; the screenshot is easily faked. They want that £350 to disappear. Once you pay, they'll invent a new 'fee' or tax. I saw a similar racket where the recovery company was actually run by the same people who did the original crypto scam. It's a known pattern. If you really want to pursue recovery, your only real bet is to work through official channels like Interpol or your national police cybercrime unit, but honestly, the chances are slim for crypto. Don't fall for the fake recovery attempt.
Echoing the sentiment here – proceed with extreme caution. 'Claim Solutions Ltd,' asking for an upfront 'escrow processing fee' for funds lost to a crypto scam? That's a textbook recovery scam, a secondary victimization. These entities often mine public records of fraud reports or are even connected to the original perpetrators. The FCA is the primary regulatory body in the UK, and while they can take enforcement actions against fraudulent platforms, they don't typically act as recovery agents for individual losses. For tracking and potential recovery, especially with international crypto fraud, specialized cybersecurity and digital forensics firms exist, though success is not guaranteed and often involves significant upfront investigation costs. Some firms focus on this niche, but always vet them thoroughly. A good starting point for identifying potentially legitimate (though still high-risk) options is to research firms accredited by organizations like the BBB, or look for reviews on reputable tech forums.
Oh, you poor thing. It’s just heartbreaking when you lose money like that, and then to have these vultures circle… it’s beyond unfair. I remember how desperate I felt after my own situation. Please, please don't send them that money. It's a trap. They are definitely trying to scam you again. Just block them and ignore. I know it’s impossible right now, but try not to let it consume you. You reported it, that’s the best you can do. Focus on yourself now. Maybe talk to friends or family about it, if you can. Sending you strength.
This is a well-known scam pattern. The entity, 'Claim Solutions Ltd,' is almost certainly not legitimate. They exploit the emotional vulnerability of victims who have already suffered financial loss. The 'escrow processing fee' is the bait. They create a plausible-sounding story – your money is 'held' and needs a fee to be 'released.' They know people are desperate. Do *not* pay. Report them to the FCA and Action Fraud (if you're in the UK). If they operate internationally, reporting to the FTC in the US or your local police's cybercrime unit is also advisable. Remember, legitimate financial recovery processes, if they exist for your specific scam, usually involve official legal channels or highly trusted, regulated entities, not cold-emailing companies demanding upfront fees.

